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Common informal stacks combine Dihexa with racetams, choline sources, lions mane, omega-3s, and various other compounds

Indirectly, GHK-Cu upregulates the expression of key antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase

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Upton JW, Kaiser WJ, Mocarski ES

When the mitochondrial electron transport chain is protected from oxidative interference, the enzymes responsible for ATP synthesis can function more efficiently

Blocking this antioxidant axis with SLC7A11 and GPX4 inhibitors (ferroptosis inducers) such as the small-molecule Erastin and RSL3, respectively, leads to uncontrolled accumulation of lipid peroxides at the plasma membrane and other endomembranes within the cell, which promotes membrane permeabilization, damages membrane integrity and ultimately induces ferroptosis [34, 38]