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Neuregulin and IGF1 can act synergistically to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and mtDNA replication in primary Schwann cells, which requires both the ERK and PI3K signaling pathways (Ribeiro et al., 2014)

116 KinnartI.MandersL.HeyninckT.ImberechtsD.PraschbergerR.SchoovaertsN.et al (2024)

This can denature (destroy) the peptide at the air-liquid interface

Reduces inflammation a major driver of skin aging, redness, and sensitivity

More than 100 peptide drugs are currently FDA-approved in the U.S

While many supplements provide raw materials for your brain to use, peptides act as communicators, delivering specific instructions to your cells to trigger desired responses like better focus or deeper sleep