Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
Urine: In urine tests, nicotine can typically be detected for 3 to 20 days after the last use, depending on usage frequency
Numerous health hazards, including as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disorders, have been strongly linked to cigarette smoking by scientific studies
All authors contributed to the content of the manuscript
The data collection phase of our research started in May 2023 and concluded in September 2023, which ensured a substantial timeframe to gather a comprehensive dataset
Indias current framework for tobacco control has yet to fully introduce harm reduction strategies, which involve exploring safer alternatives to traditional cigarettes