As antibiotics start killing the infecting bacteria, the bacteria can release toxins and endotoxins like lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharides
Standard reduced glutathione requires weeks of supplementation to see significant increases in glutathione levels
Antonoff MB, Ragalie W, Correa AM, Spicer JD, Sepesi B, Roth JA, Walsh GL, WlL H, Swisher SG , Rice DC, Vaporciyan AA, Mehran RJ
(2010) 5:e10883
Specifically, ROS can oxidize and inactivate MAPK phosphatases (MKPs), which normally dephosphorylate and deactivate MAPKs
The study analyzed fecal and urine samples to assess gut microbiota composition (via 16S rRNA sequencing and FISH) and metabolic profiles (via 1 H-NMR spectroscopy), with behavioral questionnaires and GI symptom diaries